Har Gobind Khorana (1922–2011) was an Indian-American biochemist who shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1968. His groundbreaking research helped decipher the genetic code and explain how nucleotide sequences determine protein synthesis, profoundly advancing modern molecular biology and genetics.
C. V. Raman (1888–1970) was a pioneering Indian physicist best known for discovering the Raman Effect, which explains how light changes wavelength when scattered by molecules. This breakthrough earned him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930, making him the first Asian Nobel laureate in science.
Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar (1910–1995) was an Indian-American astrophysicist awarded the Nobel Prizein Physics in 1983. His theoretical work on stellar evolution led to the discovery of the Chandrasekhar limit, explaining how stars collapse into white dwarfs, neutron stars, or black holes.